Saturday, October 10, 2015

Yes, Virginia, you can "coach" speed

It is an article of faith for some coaches that "You cannot coach 'speed'".  They are, of course, wrong.  A truer statement is that "Some coaches do not know how to coach speed."

One might go to a University to find an intelligent person.

Most universities have Athletic Directors.  In most cases, those Athletic Directors pay somebody to coach the track team.  If you accept that ADs are financially competent and act in a rational manner, they it is safe to assume that Athletic Directors believe that coaches can improve the performance of track athletes, that is, it is financially justifiable to pay them money to coach athletes to run faster.

Strides or gaits


For younger athletes, the biggest gain is in teaching the basics of "stride".

Trotting


Many young athletes are "trotters".  Attempts to "run faster" are self limiting.

If you were to plot the path of a trotter's hip, it would follow a path similar to the one depicted in the image.  It looks much like a bouncing ball.

Breaking down the dynamics of what is happening in each part of the trotting stride:

You would see that the runner is actually slowing down immediately after foot-strike.  The heel has just hit the ground.  If the ground were muddy, you would observe that the heel actually skids forward.  That means that the ground is pushing back on the body.  Kinematically, the runner is trading forward momentum for altitude.

The second part of the stride (still rising) has the front of the foot in contact with the ground and launching the body forward.  That is the only time a trotter is adding speed!

From mid-trajectory onward, the runner's body is not in contact with the ground.  They are a ballistic missile reentering the atmosphere at that stage of the stride.

Attempts to "trot faster" quickly reach a point where ballistic missile stage dominates the stride.  The runner cannot do anything until their foot comes back in contact with the ground.

Sprinting

Plotting the hip of a sprinter shows an almost straight line.  This can be communicated to the sprinter...The only way to be as fast as a bullet (or laser) is to fly in a straight line like a bullet (or laser),

The easiest way to teach a "trotter" to sprint is to tell them to run on the balls of their feet.  They must not allow their heels to touch the ground. Tell them the goal is to have their foot pushing back on the ground the entire time the foot is touching it.  That is, continuous forward acceleration.

One of the finer points in coaching sprinting is that the runner must not use the ground to stop their foot.  They should be using the muscles in their buttocks and hamstrings to start the landing foot moving backward before it hits the ground..  There should be no skid marks.


2 comments:

  1. Very interesting. I wish I had a coach to help me with this 40 years ago. Thanks for sharing Joe.

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  2. My youngest started running for the school cross country team last year. The coach(es) were not the greatest. They only coached because they had a fast kid and the entire team revolved around said fast kid. This year we have a new coach. She's young and enthusiastic and invested in making sure each and every member of her team runs their best. Last year Nick's fastest race was his first one. This year he has improved his times with each and every race. I would agree...you CAN coach speed.

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